Last updated on October 31, 2026
Varicose veins are very common, and for most people they aren’t dangerous. But they are a sign that valves in the leg veins aren’t working properly, and for some people they slowly get worse over time. This guide explains when varicose veins are simply a nuisance, what can happen if they’re left untreated, and the signs that mean you should have them checked.
Are varicose veins dangerous?
In most cases, no. Varicose veins happen when the one-way valves inside the leg veins stop working, so blood flows backwards and pools. The veins stretch, bulge and twist. Many people have varicose veins for years without any serious problems.
The condition behind them, called venous insufficiency, can progress, though. Over time the raised pressure in the veins can affect the skin of the lower leg, and a small number of people develop complications such as inflamed veins, bleeding or leg ulcers.
What happens if varicose veins are left untreated?
Some varicose veins stay much the same for many years. Others gradually progress, usually in this order:
- Symptoms: aching, heaviness, throbbing, itching or night cramps, often worse at the end of the day.
- Swelling: ankle swelling that is worse after standing and better overnight.
- Skin changes: brown staining around the ankle, dry or itchy skin (venous eczema), or skin that becomes hard and tight.
- Leg ulcers: wounds near the ankle that are slow to heal.
Not everyone moves through these stages, and it usually happens slowly. You can read more in our guide to the stages of varicose veins.
Possible complications of varicose veins
Superficial thrombophlebitis
A clot can form in a varicose vein, making it red, hard, hot and tender. This is called superficial thrombophlebitis. It usually settles, but it should be checked with an ultrasound, because the clot can sometimes extend into the deep veins.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Large studies have found that people with varicose veins are more likely to be diagnosed with a DVT, although it isn’t clear whether the varicose veins cause it or whether both share risk factors such as age, weight and inactivity. A DVT can cause a painful, swollen calf or leg and needs prompt assessment. See varicose veins and the risk of blood clots.
Bleeding
A varicose vein close to the skin, often around the ankle, can bleed heavily after a small knock or scratch. If this happens, lie down, raise the leg above the level of your heart and press firmly on the spot. Get medical help if it doesn’t stop.
Skin damage and leg ulcers
Long-standing high pressure in the veins can damage the skin around the ankle and lead to a venous leg ulcer. Treating the faulty veins lowers the chance of an ulcer forming or coming back.
When to see a doctor about varicose veins
It’s worth having your veins checked if you have:
- aching, heaviness or swelling that affects your day
- skin changes around the ankle, such as staining, eczema or hard skin
- a red, hard and tender vein
- a wound on your leg that hasn’t healed after 2 weeks
- a varicose vein that has bled
Get help the same day if your calf or leg becomes painful and swollen, or if bleeding doesn’t stop with firm pressure. Call 000 if you have sudden shortness of breath or chest pain.
Do varicose veins always need treatment?
No. Many people with varicose veins choose not to have treatment, and that is often a reasonable choice. Treatment is usually recommended when varicose veins cause symptoms, skin changes, an ulcer, phlebitis or bleeding, or when they bother you.
Compression stockings, regular walking and raising your legs can ease symptoms, but they don’t fix the faulty valves. An ultrasound shows which veins are affected and helps you decide whether treatment is worthwhile.
How varicose veins are treated
Most varicose veins are now treated through a needle rather than with surgery. The faulty vein is closed from the inside with radiofrequency ablation or VenaSeal, and smaller veins are treated with foam sclerotherapy or ambulatory phlebectomy. You walk straight after treatment, and most people are back at work within 24 to 48 hours, depending on their job.
Find out more about varicose vein treatment and our fees.
Getting your veins checked
At Vein Doctors Sydney, Dr Ryan McConnell assesses varicose veins in Manly and St Leonards. Your consultation includes an ultrasound of your leg veins and takes 45 to 60 minutes. It costs $330, with a Medicare rebate of $88.40 if you have a GP referral. You leave with a written plan and a quote.
Book a consultation or call (02) 9023 9970.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can varicose veins burst?
A varicose vein close to the skin can bleed if it is knocked or scratched, and the bleeding can be heavy. Lie down, raise the leg and press firmly on the spot, and get medical help if it doesn’t stop. A vein that has bled should be checked.
Can varicose veins cause a blood clot?
A clot can form in a varicose vein itself (superficial thrombophlebitis). Varicose veins have also been linked with a higher chance of deep vein thrombosis, though it’s not certain they cause it. A painful, swollen calf or leg should be checked the same day.
Do varicose veins get worse over time?
They often do, but usually slowly. Some stay much the same for years, while others lead to swelling, skin changes or ulcers.
Will varicose veins go away on their own?
No. Varicose veins that appear in pregnancy often improve after the birth, but otherwise they don’t go away by themselves.
Is it safe to exercise with varicose veins?
Yes, for most people. Walking, swimming and cycling help the calf muscles push blood back up the leg. See exercise and varicose veins.
This information is not intended to be used for diagnosis or treatment. It is aimed at presenting a perspective only and is not a substitute for a prescription. Anyone experiencing a medical condition should consult their doctor.
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